4D printing of polymers

4D printing of polymers: Techniques, materials, and prospects

This article reviews important 4D printing technologies in conjunction with the underlying polymer science and engineering.

Multimaterial 4D Printing with Tailorable Shape Memory Polymers

We present a new 4D printing approach that can create high resolution (up to a few microns), multimaterial shape memory polymer (SMP) ...

3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D ...

4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities.

4D printing: Fundamentals, materials, applications and challenges

The 4D printing relies mostly on the five factors and all the five factors must be kept in view while performing 4D printing. These five factors ...

Shape Memory Polymer Composites: 4D Printing, Smart Structures ...

This review introduces SMPs, SMPCs, and 4D printing technologies, highlighting several special 4D-printed structures.

Review of Polymeric Materials in 4D Printing Biomedical Applications

Synthetic polymers used in biomedical applications, such as PCL and polylactic acid (PLA) based SMPs, are biodegradable SMPs derived from aliphatic polyesters ...

Polymer 4D printing: Advanced shape‐change and beyond

4D printed pH-responsive hydrogels at the microscale with multiple degrees of freedom for shape change, which were precisely programmed into the ...

4D Printing of Multicomponent Shape-Memory Polymer Formulations

Four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, as a next-generation additive manufacturing method, enables printed objects to further change their shapes, ...

4D printing of light activated shape memory polymers with organic ...

Light based 3D printing technologies, such as digital light processing (DLP), allow for the additive manufacturing of complex 3D objects at fast speeds and ...

Polymer Composites in 3D/4D Printing: Materials, Advances, and ...

This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Polymer-Based Materials

Reconfigurable 4D printing via mechanically robust covalent ...

However, the majority of the SMPs used for 4D printing are thermosets where the polymer chains are covalently cross-linked in a network form.

3D and 4D Printing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications

This review presents a comprehensive survey of 3D and 4D printing methods, and the advantage of their use in tissue regeneration over other scaffold production ...

4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers: From Macro to Micro - Spiegel

A simple and versatile ink system is successfully applied for 4D printing at the macro- and microscale. The same 3D geometry can be ...

4D printed shape memory polymers and their structures for ...

4D printed shape memory polymers and shape-changing structures have been applied in various fields, especially in the field of biomedical science.

Applications of 4D-Printed Shape-Memory Polymers - AZoM

The main application of 4D printing is in the aerospace, healthcare, fashion, and lifestyle sectors. In aerospace and automobiles, smart ...

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling ... - PubMed

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop ...

4D Printing of Polymeric Materials: Techniques ... - ResearchGate

... 4D printing is an emerging processing technology with growing interest in the fabrication of dynamic shape-defined materials capable of easily adapting to ...

4D printing - Wikipedia

4-dimensional printing (4D printing; also known as 4D bioprinting, active origami, or shape-morphing systems) uses the same techniques of 3D printing.

4D printing shape memory polymers for dynamic jewellery and ...

ABSTRACT. 4D printing is a novel approach that enables dynamic functionality in ordinary static object. We used a methacrylated semicrystalline polymer to print ...

4D printing of shape memory thermoset polymer materials

3D printing can be used to create prototypes and devices from polymeric materials which have appended the design functionality for new materials including ...