New cytokine signalling model aids understanding of autoimmune ...

The work highlights a new cytokine signalling model that helps to understand how cytokine responses become dysregulated and contribute to the ...

Targeting cytokine signaling in autoimmunity: back to the future and ...

Thus, targeting the intracellular pathways employed by cytokines provides new therapeutic opportunities. A subset of cytokines utilizes the ...

Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new ...

B cells secrete antibodies or inflammatory cytokines to attack the myelin sheath. Besides, other inflammatory cells also secrete proinflammatory ...

The role of inflammation in autoimmune disease: a therapeutic target

From the perspective of pathogenesis, these related cytokines and inflammatory complexes also play an important role in AIDs. For example, a significant ...

IL-22, a vital cytokine in autoimmune diseases - Oxford Academic

This review delineates the various connections between the IL-22 signaling pathway and autoimmune disease, focusing on the latest understanding of the cellular ...

The PD-1 Pathway in Tolerance and Autoimmunity - PMC

Engagement of PD-1 by either of its ligands during TCR signaling can block T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic function, and impair T-cell ...

What is the association between cytokines and autoimmune diseases?

Under normal conditions, cytokines aid in pathogen recognition and elimination while contributing to immune system homeostasis. When the immune ...

Engineering cytokine therapeutics | Nature Reviews Bioengineering

Cytokines induce intracellular signalling after binding to their receptor on a target cell. Cytokine receptors are as diverse as their ligands ...

The Surprising Story of IL-2: From Experimental Models to Clinical ...

Because of these advances, IL-2 is now being tested as a cytokine for suppressing pathologic immune responses in autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. Fully ...

Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune ...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is majorly expressed in activated T cells and works as a critical regulator in the inflammatory response.

Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification

Cytokines are important cellular signaling molecules and immune system mediators. Abnormal cytokine levels may cause cytokine storm and ...

Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors ...

Within the realm of immune therapies for autoimmune diseases, cytokine therapies have emerged as a specialized strategy, targeting cytokine-mediated regulatory ...

New insights into MAIT cells in autoimmune diseases - ScienceDirect

Activated MAIT cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in target organs and contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases(AIDs). •. MAIT cells play a ...

What are Cytokines? - News-Medical

Cytokines are small and membrane-bound protein-based cell signaling molecules that aid cell-to-cell communication in immune responses.

Cytokine Storm | New England Journal of Medicine

In the presence of high circulating levels of interleukin-6, which can be present in cytokine storm, trans signaling occurs through the binding ...

Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases ...

In recent years, many new genes and signalling pathways involved in autoimmunity with often overlapping patterns between different disease ...

Altered signalling thresholds in T lymphocytes cause autoimmune ...

Recently, two new mouse models of autoimmune inflammatory polyarthritis have been reported that demonstrate how alterations in signalling ...

Autoimmunity - Program in Immunology

We are hopeful that a better understanding of this chronic disease may open new ways for diagnosis or even treatment. ... Disease models range from HIV/AIDS to ...

redefining autoimmune disease therapy beyond JAK1-3 inhibitors

1). The JAK-STAT pathway orchestrates cellular responses to growth factors and cytokines. Both JAK deficiencies and sustained activation of the ...

Out-of-Sequence Signal 3 Paralyzes Primary CD4+ T-Cell ...

This suppression targeted naive CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells and was mediated through transient suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) inhibition of the STAT5b ...