Supporting Information for The stepwise decrease of 4 year ice ...

The stepwise decrease of 4+ year ice extent and its linked ...

Recent studies have reported a shift in the Arctic sea ice to a younger state after around 2007. This study reveals that this shift can be ...

Supporting Information for The stepwise decrease of 4+ year ice ...

Supporting Information for. The stepwise decrease of 4+ year ice extent and its linked survivability since around 2007. Qi Shan1,3, Ke Fan2*, and Jiping Liu2.

(PDF) The stepwise decrease of 4+ year ice extent and its linked ...

This study reveals that this shift can be primarily attributed to a stepwise-type reduction in the extent of 4 years or older (4+ year) ice and ...

The stepwise decrease of 4+ year ice extent and its linked ... - DOAJ

Recent studies have reported a shift in the Arctic sea ice to a younger state after around 2007. This study reveals that this shift can be primarily...

The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic ...

Sea ice that has survived through at least one melt season is referred to as multiyear sea ice. It is inherently thicker, has a higher albedo ...

The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic ...

We speculate that future MYI loss will be driven by increased melt and reduced replenishment, both of which are enhanced with continued warming ...

Conditions of the Stepwise Cooling Algorithm for Stable ... - NCBI

... ice nucleation and then decreased by 0.5 °C every 4 or 8 h. This temperature-control program was repeated every 96 h to prevent ice nucleation.

The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic ...

7,800 km2 yr-1), 4 (-9,400 km2 yr-1) and 5+ (-59,000 km2 yr-1) ... Supporting Information for. The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea ...

An Antarctic stratigraphic record of stepwise ice growth through the ...

Changes in ocean circulation and a decline in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were associated with stepwise cooling and ice growth at southern ...

Reconstruction of ice-sheet changes in the Antarctic Peninsula since ...

4) provides information on the horizontal and vertical dimensions of ice ... Supplementary Data Table 4) and OSL (Supplementary Data Table 5).

Winter arctic sea ice volume decline: uncertainties reduced using ...

Available since 1979, hence providing the longest continuous climate time series, PMW records show a decrease in sea ice coverage in any month ...

Large Decadal Decline of the Arctic Multiyear Ice Cover in

The most visible change in the Arctic region in recent years has been the rapid decline of the perennial ice cover, as previously reported by Comiso (2002). The ...

Role of land-ocean interactions in stepwise Northern Hemisphere ...

The investigation of triggers causing the onset and intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) during the late Pliocene is essential for ...

Glacier response to the Little Ice Age during the Neoglacial cooling ...

4). In East and Northeast Greenland, the subsurface Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) is linked with the North Atlantic drift as it originates from a southward ...

Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness | Nature

The shift was characterized by an abrupt reduction of deformed thick ice (a 52% reduction of sea ice thicker than 4 m) and an increased ...

Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground - IPCC

December, with a stepwise drop of 5% in the annual mean in the late ... The resulting balance included West Antarctic loss of 47 ± 4 Gt yr–1,. East ...

End of the Little Ice Age in the Alps forced by industrial black carbon

Glacier mass balance is controlled by accumulation at higher elevations and ablation at lower elevations. In each year, glacier melt increases ...

Southern Ocean phytoplankton turnover in response to stepwise ...

We argue that the model would still have operated during times of lesser sea-ice extent—perhaps pulses A and B—when the entire biogeographic system may have ...

The Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) - AMT - Recent

This causes the aerosol particles, which are present in the chamber prior to the expansion, to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and/or ...

Sea ice directs changes in bowhead whale phenology through the ...

... ice area resulted in longer absences between whales migrating south in the fall and north in the spring (p < 0.01, r2 = 0.85). A stepwise ...