4D printing of polymers

What is 4D printing and how does it work? - Iberdrola

4D printing uses 3D printers to create live three dimensional objects without wires or circuits. It does so by using intelligent materials.

Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers | Encyclopedia MDPI

Zhang et al. reported a self-healing 4D printing double network SMP system. They integrated a semi crystalline linear polymer (polycaprolactone (PCL)) as a ...

What is 4D Printing? (Everything You Need to Know) - TWI Global

4D printing requires the use of smart or responsive materials, such as shape memory polymers, renewable soybean oil, or other materials that can change their ...

Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing of a Highly Extensible, Self ...

A polymer blend with high extensibility, exhibiting both shape memory and self-healing, was 4D printed using a low-cost fused filament fabrication (FFF)

Mechanically sustainable and primary recycled thermo-responsive ...

3D printing is one of the plastic recycling processes that deliver a mechanically sustainable product and may be used for 4D printing ...

4D printing of multiple shape memory polymer and nanocomposites ...

4D printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs) endows the 3D printed structures with tunable shape-changing behavior and functionalities that ...

4D Printing with Smart Materials - YouTube

Learn all about 4D printing with smart materials, including how it relates to 3D printing.

4D Printing: Technology Overview and Smart Materials Utilized

This is achieved by incorporating smart materials, such as shape memory alloys and polymers, into the 3D printing process (Chu et al., 2020; ...

3D and 4D Printing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications

The main 3D printing categories that use solid polymers for product formation are; fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering ( ...

Developments in 4D-printing: a review on current smart materials ...

In this paper, progress in the 4D-printing field is reviewed with a focus on its practical applications. We discuss smart materials developed using 4D-printing.

4D Printing: The Next Step in Manufacturing – Hadron

4D printing mainly relies on 2 types of materials, hydrogels and shape-memory polymers (SMPs). Hydrogels are polymers that swell or contract ...

4D printing a shape memory polymer - Sculpteo

A shape memory polymer (SMP) is a kind of material that has the potential of showing large elastic deformation in response to environmental stimuli.

4D printing of shape memory polylactic acid (PLA)

Attempts continue to identify such smart materials to support the development of 4D printing technology. [17,23–25]. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) ...

Fundamentals and applications of 3D and 4D printing of polymers

Publications that cite this publication · Potentials and challenges of additive manufacturing techniques in the fabrication of polymer composites · Effect of ...

Progress in 4D printing technology - SciOpen

Zeng C, Liu L, Bian W, et al. 4D printed electro-induced continuous carbon fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites with excellent ...

4D Printing The Next Level of Additive Manufacturing - ASME

The printed active composites (PACs) are soft materials consisting of glassy polymer fibers that reinforce an elastomeric matrix. These fibers ...

Smart Materials in Additive Manufacturing, volume 1: 4D Printing ...

It demonstrates the principles developed for 4D printing in a way that is useful for students, early career researchers, and professionals.

4D printing: intelligent materials of the future? - Polytechnique Insights

4D printing represents a functional form of 3D printing and allows the printing of dynamic objects that actively respond to external stimuli.

4D Printing Shape-Memory PEEK Material - AZoM

PEEK is a translucent natural thermoplastic polymer group that is employed in industrial engineering applications due to its exceptional tensile ...

3D/4D printing - Giulia Scalet - Google Sites

4D printing represents the new generation of 3D printing, since it allows to fabricate dynamic structures whose shapes, properties, or functionalities can ...